A)nasolabial angle的定義
the angle formed by the labial surface of the upper lip at the midline and the inferior border of the nose. It is a measure of the relative protrusion of the upper lip.(是用來看上嘴唇的突度)
Nasolabial angle - This is the angle between columella of nose & anterior surface of upper lip. (see fig. 7). The Normal angle Fig-7 Nasolabial Angle should be 90°. If it is <90o, the maxilla of that person is prominent & the profile is known as convex. It the angle is > 90o, the maxilla is said to be retruded & the profile concave.
(from: http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=8&issueid=35&articleid=462&action=article)
An acute nasolabial angle can lead to a droopy nose, whereas an obtuse nasolabial angle can lead to a short or ‘uplifted' appearance(呈銳角的鼻唇角會產生鼻子下垂的樣子,然而,一個較呈鈍角的鼻唇角會產生一個短的上舉的外觀)
白種人的鼻唇角較呈顯鈍角(約在90~120度間),黃種人則較呈銳角,所以鼻子看起來呈現蹋蹋的樣子
the greater the maxillary incisor retraction, the greater was the increase in nasolabial angle. (上前牙後退越多,鼻唇角的增加量也相對增加) ,Extraction and nonextraction treatment procedures did not show significant differences in the changes of the nasolabial angle.(拔不拔牙的治療在臨床上對鼻唇角的改變意義不大)
from ~~http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6961809
The improvement in the nasolabial angle could be due to the maxillary incisor retraction and not growth because several studies reported no significant change of nasolabial angle occurred with the growth.(鼻唇角與生長較無關係,主要是上門牙區的後退所產生的變化)
from~~ http://www.thejcdp.com/issue016/al_balkhi/12al_balkhi.shtml
Class II orthodontic treatment involving the extractions of only two upper premolars is likely to result in a wide range of variation in nasolabial angle, upper and lower lip curve depths, and upper incisor positions and angulations
from~ http://www.angle.org/anglonline/?issn=0003-3219&issue=05&page=0808&request=get-document&volume=077
(這是生長期的學童,原本是前牙反咬的錯咬形態,經過改正後的側臉圖像,這是哥哥)
(這是前牙疑似反咬的案例使用FRANKEL III功能性矯正器改善後的側貌,這是妹妹)
(這是成人34歲上前牙四顆反咬的案例,其側貌的圖象,經上顎TWO HINGE EXPANDER擴大撐開的上顎鼻唇角已在改變中,將來下嘴唇將慢慢經由咬合關係的改善,嘴唇會收進來)
(這是成人28歲CL III上顎全牙列完全錯咬的底包天伴咬合偏斜,經過拔牙矯治後的側貌圖像)
(這是高中生擁擠案例,經拔除4個小臼齒接近完成時的側貌,可見前牙的內收量,將鼻唇角的角度收進來形成較鈍的角度)
整形外科對鼻唇角的觀點 Rhinoplasty (Plastic Surgery of the Nose) (整形外科的處理)
A Comparative Study of Two Methods of Quantifying the Soft Tissue Profile
Assessment of the nasolabial angle in young Brazilian black subjects with normal occlusion
The effect of tongue appliance on the nasomaxillary complex in growing cleft lip and palate patients
Cephalometric evaluation of class-III patients with chin cap and tongue guard
Facial changes at various ages. (各種年齡的顏面改變)
使用quad helix appliance在單側後牙錯咬(Unilateral posterior crossbite)的早期矯正治療
THE BEATIFUL FACE(哥倫比亞大學power points)
cephX Analysis guest patient(非常棒的有關所有的ceph analysis方法的power points)
ohio州立大學矯正科cephalometric analysis power points
SOFT TISSUE CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Camouflage of moderate Class IIImalocclusions with extraction of lower second molars and mandibular cervical headgear
orthodontic treatment of the sickle cell anemia patient
Bonded maxillary expansion and maxillary protraction for skeletal class Ⅲmalocclusion: Age selection
Advancing the Art of Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Part II
B)Submental Sulcus The junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrow (溝或臉上的皺紋)
頦唇溝深度：是指側面觀下唇皮膚與頦部皮膚相交處軟組織最低點至頦前點的水準距離。據報告，華人美貌人群頦唇溝較深，頦的位置男女分別向前13mm和7mm，這樣才可顯示出一個和諧的但微微突起、輪廓清晰的頦部。男性的頦突度大於女性，頦唇溝也較女性深，因而男性表現出更為明顯的輪廓。
The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc(笑線)
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