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Types of Periodontal Disease

		Gingivitis
		Chronic Periodontitis
		Aggressive Periodontitis
		Periodontitis Caused by Conditions of the Body
		Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases

*Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease - PowerPoint Presentation

* Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Diseases

*The Importance of Bacteria in Periodontal Disease

Oral bacteria include
streptococci, lactobacilli,
staphylococci, corynebacteria, and variousanaerobes in particular bacteroides. The oral cavity of the new-born
baby does not contain bacteria but rapidly becomes colonized with bacteria such
as Streptococcus salivarius. With the
appearance of the teeth during the first year colonization by Streptococcus
mutans and Streptococcus
sanguis occurs as these organisms colonise the dental
surface and gingiva. Other strains of streptococci adhere strongly to the gums
and cheeks but not to the teeth. The gingival crevice area (supporting
structures of the teeth) provides a habitat for a variety of anaerobic species.
Bacteroides and spirochetes colonize the mouth around puberty

Treponema
denticola

The levels of oral spirochetes are elevated in
patients with periodontal
diseases. Among this group, Treponema denticola is the most studied and is
considered as one of the main etiological bacteria of periodontitis.
Treponema denticola is a motile and highly proteolytic
bacterium

Fusospirochetes

Spirochetes and fusi-form bacilli live as normal flora in the mouth,
but in the case of bleeding in the oral cavity, the bacteria can cause infection
and diseases to oral cavity: 1/ Acute necrotizing ulcerative
gingivitis (ANUG) 2/ Vincent angina with a
membrane covering the throat area

Veillonella

Veillonella are gram-negative
anaerobic cocci. It is thought that this species thrives in the acidic
environment of caries and is thought to slow the development of dental caries.
It converts the acidic products of other species to less acidic
products

Porphyromonas
gingivalis

Porphyromonas
gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe
strongly associated with chronic adult periodontitis. The bacterium produces a
number of well-characterized virulence factors and can be manipulated
genetically. The availability of the genome sequence is aiding our understanding
of the biology of P. gingivalis and how it interacts with the
environment, other bacteria and the human host

Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans(A.A菌)

Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans is considered an oral
pathogen due to its virulence factors, its association with localized aggressive periodontitis in young adolescents, and studies indicating that it can cause bone loss

Lactobacillus

Some Lactobacillus species have been associated with dental
caries although these bacteria are normally symbiotic in humans and are found in
the gut flora